Multi-service transport apparatus for integrated transport networks

ABSTRACT

A multi-service transport apparatus for integrated transport networks is described. The apparatus comprises an electrical matrix, termination function means handling signals incoming at said apparatus input, a plurality of termination function means interfacing different layers, and adaptation function means. The termination function means handling incoming signals are implemented in input/output port devices; the termination function means interfacing different layers and said adaptation function means are implemented in adapter devices. According to the present invention, the matrix performs exclusively the switching of the incoming signals that are already terminated and adapted by said input/output port devices and by said adapter devices and it is transparent with respect to the signal format.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to the field of telecommunications and, in particular, to the field of network elements. Even more in particular, the present invention relates to a multi-service transport apparatus suitable for handling signals coming from an integrated transport network.

2. Description of the Prior Art

Transmission networks can be classified according to their geographical extension, their topology and the transmission protocol they use for transmitting information.

In particular, according to the geographical extension it is possible to identify, for instance, two types of transmission network:

-   -   Local Area Network (LAN), where network nodes are rather close         to each other, for example inside the same building or group of         buildings; and     -   Wide Area Network (WAN), used for interconnecting LANs that are         far from each others.

From the topological point of view, LANs have usually a bus or ring configuration, while WANs may have nodes arranged according to a mesh, a bus or a ring configuration.

With regard to the transmission protocol, networks may be distinguished in circuit switched networks and packet switched networks. In circuit switched networks, information is transported from a source node to a destination node by a continuous stream of digital signals propagating through the network at a constant rate; the stream is organized in a sequence of frames with fixed length and format. Information transmission starts only when a “circuit” (namely, a route interconnecting the source node to the destination node) has been established in the network. Said circuit is used to transmit the whole stream of digital signals. SDH/Sonet synchronous protocol and PDH asynchronous protocol are examples of circuit switched network standards.

In contrast, in a packet switched network the information is exchanged in bursts called “packets”. Each packet includes the address of its destination node and is individually transmitted through the network. Each packet is routed node by node according to the traffic conditions; at the destination node, the correct packet sequence is reconstructed to recover the information. Packet length may vary depending on the information type (voice, data or video) and on network features (bit rate, network extension). Ethernet and Resilient Packet Ring (RPR) are examples of packet switched network standards.

Nowadays, there exist integrated transport networks, i.e. networks comprising different LANs interconnected by backbones, where LANs may provide different services, each service being supported by a different network standard, either circuit switched or packet switched. For instance, a single integrated transport network may include LANs providing both Ethernet- and ATM-supported services; in turn, data related to these services may be mapped, for example, according to the SDH/Sonet standard and may be transported along the network backbones according to that standard.

In an integrated transport network, each standard which is supported by the network may be represented by a different network layer. Each layer N is interfaced with the two adjacent layers N+1 and N−1. Layer N+1 is Client of layer N, while layer N−1 is Server of layer N. In other words, a signal according to layer N+1 can be suitably mapped and transported in a signal structure according to layer N. In turn, the signal structure according to layer N can be suitably mapped and transported into a signal structure according to layer N−1.

For example, an integrated transport network comprising SDH and Ethernet signals can be represented by a three-layer hierarchy, where Ethernet is layer #3, SDH-Lower Order is layer #2 and SDH-Higher Order is layer #1. In other words, Ethernet is Client of SDH-Lower Order, which is in turn Client of SDH-Higher Order.

The simultaneous presence of a plurality of network layers, i.e. of a plurality of network standards supported by the same integrated transport network, requires multi-service transport apparatuses, suitable for handling all the signals coming from the integrated network at each network layer. In particular, a multi-service transport apparatus should be able to carry out all the signal processing functions, such as termination, adaptation and switching, according to each network layer. For instance, a multi-service transport apparatus should be able to extract a group of Ethernet packets from an incoming SDH-Higher Order frame, to perform a packet-switching operation on the packets and finally either to transmit the packets over a LAN or to map the packets back in a SDH-Higher Order frame and to transmit the frame through the backbone. Hence, a multi-service transport apparatus comprises input/output ports, switch elements (such as TDM matrices or packet matrices) and interfaces between layers. With such an equipment, the apparatus is able to interconnect each input of each network layer to each output of the same layer and of the other layers.

Different multi-service transport apparatuses are known in the art. These known apparatuses are based on different approaches, depending on the integration level of the signal processing functions related to different layers: “multi network element” approach; and “single network element” approach.

The “multi network element” approach consists in assembling a plurality of single-service shelves, each shelf comprising input/output ports and switch elements, able to manage signals according to one single layer, and interfaces. Yet, such an approach is disadvantageous, since the presence of one shelf for each of the supported layers implies extra-costs, due to a non optimised exploitation of each shelf and to the management of different shelves, and an increase of the overall dimension of the apparatus.

Lower costs and dimensions can be obtained by a multi-service transport apparatus according to the “single network element” approach, where processing functions related to different layers are integrated into a single shelf. Three different multi-service apparatuses are known. Each of them is based either on a TDM matrix, a packet matrix; or a TDM matrix & a packet matrix.

In the first case, the multi-service apparatus comprises a main TDM matrix (for example a matrix for SDH/Sonet switching) and a plurality of secondary packet matrices with smaller dimensions. Yet, this approach exhibits some disadvantages, such as a reduced scalability of the packet traffic.

In the second case, the apparatus is based on a main packet matrix and on a plurality of input/output ports, said ports comprising interfaces to convert all the incoming traffic into packet-switchable signals. This approach however, even though advantageous with respect to the previous one in terms of scalability, is a non-layered approach, i.e. it is not consistent with the layered structure of the transport network. This prevents the implementation and the coexistence of some network protection mechanisms. Moreover, the interfaces included into the input/output ports are very complex and expensive.

In the third case the apparatus comprises two main matrices, i.e. a TDM matrix and a packet matrix, with input/output ports suitable to direct the incoming traffic on the matrices and means to interface the two matrices. This approach is disadvantageous, since it implies extra-costs due to the presence of the two matrices and of the additional functions aimed to direct the traffic.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The general object of the present invention is to provide a multi-service transport apparatus for integrated transport networks which overcomes the aforesaid problems of the prior art.

In particular, a first object of the present invention is to provide a multi-service transport apparatus for integrated transport networks able to carry out all the signal processing functions, such as termination, adaptation and switching, according to the standards for integrated transport networks, said multi-service transport apparatus allowing interconnection between all the layers of the integrated transport network without damaging its layered structure, and such that all the cascaded protection schemes provided by the different layers can be implemented.

Still a further object of the present invention is to provide a multi-service transport apparatus for integrated transport networks with no extra-costs due to the duplication of the devices and with an optimised exploitation of the devices provided inside the multi-service apparatus.

These and other objects are achieved, according to the present invention, by a multi-service transport apparatus according to claim 1. Further advantageous features of the present invention are set forth into the dependent claims. All the claims are deemed to be an integral part of the present description.

The present invention provides a multi-service apparatus for an integrated transport network which comprises a plurality of signal layers. The apparatus comprises an electrical matrix, termination function means handling signals incoming at apparatus inputs, a plurality of termination function means interfacing different layers, and adaptation function means. The termination function means handling incoming signals are implemented in input/output port devices; furthermore, the termination function means interfacing different layers and the adaptation function means are implemented in adapter devices. The matrix performs exclusively the switching of the incoming signals that are already terminated and adapted by the input/output port devices and by the adapter devices and it is transparent with respect to signal format.

According to one embodiment, a separate adapter device is provided for at least one pair of termination and adaptation function means between adjacent layers. The adjacent layers could be: Ethernet layer & Multi Protocol Label Switching layer; Multi Protocol Label Switching layer & Resilient Packet Ring layer; Resilient Packet Ring layer & SDH Lower Order layer; SDH Lower Order layer & SDH Higher Order layer; and SDH Higher Order layer & Optical Data Unit layer.

According to another embodiment, a separate adapter device is provided for at least one pair of termination and adaptation function means between non adjacent layers. The non adjacent layers could be: Multi Protocol Label Switching layer & SDH Higher Order layer; Multi Protocol Label Switching layer & Optical Data Unit layer; Resilient Packet Ring layer & SDH Higher Order layer; and Resilient Packet Ring layer & Optical Data Unit layer.

According to another embodiment, a separate adapter device is provided for at least one pair of termination and adaptation function means between adjacent layers and wherein a separate adapter device is provided for at least one pair of termination and adaptation function means between non adjacent layers.

Profitably, at least one of said input/output port devices comprises packet termination function means. Preferably, there is also a first backpanel driver for transmitting terminated packet signals to the matrix for performing packet layer switching.

Preferably, the apparatus further comprises a selector, said selector receives packet signals and outputs said received packet signals either to said packet termination function means or to a plug-in module which is apt to adapt said packet signals into time division multiplex signals and terminate said packet signals on time division multiplex layer.

Typically, the plug-in module comprises: Lower Order Path Termination means, Higher Order Path Termination means; and Optical Data Unit termination means.

The first backpanel driver transmits signals from said plug-in module to the matrix for performing time division multiplex layer switching.

Profitably, said packet termination function means, said selector and said plug-in module are arranged on a first board.

In the apparatus according to the invention, at least one of said input/output port devices comprises TDM termination function means and processing means. Furthermore, the apparatus comprises a second backpanel driver for transmitting said terminated/processed TDM signals to said matrix for performing TDM layer switching. Profitably, said TDM termination function means and said processing means are arranged on a second board.

The apparatus further comprises a Higher Order Adaptation board receiving Lower Order TDM signals and outputting higher order TDM signals, the Higher Order Adaptation board in turn comprising an adapter device comprising adaptation function means and termination function means.

A peculiar characteristic of the invention is that the electrical matrix has a total switching capacity which could be shared by different layer signals.

In a preferred embodiment, the apparatus comprises an optical switch device transparent with respect to incoming optical signal format. The optical switch device has a total optical switching capacity which could be shared by different layer signals.

Hence, in a multi-service transport apparatus according to the present invention, the switching function, performed by a switch device (matrix), is substantially separated from the termination and adaptation functions. In other words, the switch device is transparent to the format of the incoming signals, as signals at the input of the switch device are already terminated and adapted by the input/output port device and by the adapter device. Accordingly, the switch device is able to switch signals coming from different network layers; no more multiple switch elements (TDM or packet matrices) are required to perform switching on different layers.

The hierarchical layered structure of the network, managed by the adapter devices, is then preserved.

Moreover, the traffic throughput corresponding to each layer can be easily scaled by equipping a proper number of input/output port devices and of adapter devices.

Further, according to the type of input/output port device connected to the switch device, it is possible to share the overall traffic throughput offered by the switch device among the different layers, according to the traffic throughput required by each layer.

Further features and advantages of the present invention will become clear by the following detailed description, given by way of example and not of limitation, to be read with reference to the accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In the drawings:

FIG. 1 schematically shows from a logical point of view a portion of a multi-service transport apparatus for an integrated transport network comprising at least three layers;

FIG. 2 schematically shows a known multi-service transport apparatus implemented according to the “multi network element” approach;

FIG. 3 schematically shows a known multi-service transport apparatus implemented according to the “single network element” approach, based on a TDM matrix;

FIG. 4 schematically shows a known multi-service transport apparatus implemented according to the “single network element” approach, based on a packet matrix;

FIG. 5 schematically shows a known multi-service transport apparatus implemented according to the “single network element” approach, based on a TDM matrix and a packet matrix;

FIG. 6 a schematically shows from a logical point of view a first embodiment of a multi-service transport apparatus according to the present invention;

FIG. 6 b schematically shows from a logical point of view another embodiment of a multi-service transport apparatus according to the present invention; and

FIG. 7 shows the electrical scheme of a further embodiment of a multi-service transport apparatus according to the present invention.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

As mentioned above, an integrated transport network deals with different transmission standards, either circuit switched or packet switched. All the transmission standards supported by the network are organized into a hierarchical layered structure. A multi-service transport apparatus for integrated transport network thus comprises devices to handle at each network layer all the signals incoming at the input of the apparatus.

FIG. 1 schematically shows, from a logical point of view, a portion of a multi-service transport apparatus P for an integrated transport network comprising at least three layers N+1, N and N−1. Layer N+1 is Client of layer N, which is in turn Client of layer N−1. In other words, layer N−1 is Server of layer N, which is in turn server of layer N+1.

The apparatus P comprises, for each of the above mentioned layers, a processing block P_(N+1), P_(N) and P_(N−1). Each block P_(N+1), P_(N) e P_(N−1) comprises:

-   -   an adaptation function sink (A_(N+1), A_(N) e A_(N−1)) from the         Server layer;     -   an adaptation function source (A′_(N+1), A′_(N) and A′_(N−1)) to         the Server layer;     -   an input termination function (T_(N+1), T_(N) and T_(N−1));     -   an output termination function (T′_(N+1), T′_(N) and T′_(N−1));         and     -   a switch element (M_(N+1), M_(N) and M_(N−1)) suitable to         perform switching at each of said layers (e.g. TDM matrix or         packet matrix).

It has to be noticed that the apparatus P comprises both termination and adaptation functions to handle signals coming at the input of each block P_(N) from the network, and termination and adaptation functions suitable to interface blocks of different layers. For clarity reasons, FIG. 1 shows only the termination and adaptation functions suitable to interface blocks of adjacent layers.

A signal according to layer N which is incoming at the input of the apparatus P, is firstly received by suitable termination/adaptation functions (not shown in FIG. 1) of the block P_(N). The signal can then be switched at layer N by the switch element M_(N) and finally go out of the apparatus through suitable termination/adaptation functions (not shown in FIG. 1) of the block P_(N).

Alternatively, the signal according to layer N may be received by suitable termination/adaptation functions (not shown in FIG. 1) of the block P_(N), then it can be switched by the switch element M_(N) and finally adapted by the adaptation function A′_(N) which, together with the termination function T_(N−1), allows the signal to pass from the Client layer N to the Server layer N−1. Then, the signal may be switched by the switch element M_(N−1) and finally go out of the apparatus P at layer N−1 through suitable termination/adaptation functions (not shown in FIG. 1) of the block P_(N−1).

Alternatively, the signal according to layer N may be received by suitable termination/adaptation functions (not shown in FIG. 1) of the block P_(N), then it can be switched by the switch element MN and finally it can pass from the Server layer N to the Client layer N+1 through the termination function T′_(N) and the adaptation function A_(N+1). Then, the signal may be switched by the switch element M_(N+1) and finally go out of the apparatus P at layer N+1 through suitable termination/adaptation functions (not shown in FIG. 1) of the block P_(N+1).

On the basis of the above considerations, it is clear that in a multi-service apparatus of the type shown in FIG. 1 each input of layer N is interconnected to all the output of layer N and of layers N−1 and N+1. Moreover, in such a multi-service apparatus, it is possible to perform switching according to each layer on all the incoming signals according to all the three layers, thanks to the termination and adaptation functions allowing the signal to pass from each layer to the others.

FIG. 2 schematically shows a known multi-service transport apparatus implemented according to the “multi network element” approach. According to this approach, the apparatus P is obtained by assembling a number of shelves, each shelf comprising the processing functions according to one single layer.

In particular, the multi-service apparatus P shown in FIG. 2 comprises two shelves S₁ and S₂. The first shelf S₁ comprise all the processing functions according to the SDH/Sonet server layer of the network; the second shelf S₂ includes all the processing functions according to the Ethernet Client layer of the network. S₁ is then substantially an SDH/Sonet Add-Drop Multiplexer (SDH/Sonet ADM), while S₂ is substantially an Ethernet Switch.

Hence, the multi-service apparatus P shown in FIG. 2 allows to receive at its input either a TDM signal STM-N^(input) from the SDH/Sonet layer, or packet signals Eth^(input), FE^(input), GE^(input), 10GE^(input) from the Ethernet layer (respectively in its known formats Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet, 10 Gigabit Ethernet). Each of these signals can be either switched at its own layer, or pass to the other layer and then be switched.

The multi-service apparatus P shown in FIG. 2 suffers from some disadvantages. First, a separate shelf is needed for each network layer, independently from the traffic throughput actually required by each layer. Referring to FIG. 2, for instance, it is assumed that the throughput offered by the SDH/Sonet ADM is completely used, while only a fraction of the throughput offered by the Ethernet Switch is actually exploited. It is also assumed that a further increase of the SDH/Sonet traffic throughput occurs. In the apparatus P shown in FIG. 2, the increase of traffic throughput for SDH/Sonet traffic can be achieved only by replacing the SDH/Sonet ADM with a similar device with increased throughput, but it is not possible to exploit the unemployed capacity offered by the Ethernet Switch. Hence, with a “multi network element” approach the exploitation of the devices already provided inside the apparatus P is not optimised. In addition, having a plurality of independent shelves results in additional costs due to the management of each separate shelf and excessive apparatus dimensions.

FIG. 3 schematically shows a multi-service transport apparatus P according to a known “single network element” approach based on a TDM matrix. The apparatus P shown in FIG. 3 comprises:

-   -   a main TDM matrix M_(TDM);     -   an input and output Optical Add-Drop Multiplexer (OADM^(in) and         OADM^(out) respectively) to add or drop signals according to the         WDM layer;     -   TDM input/output ports 30 and 31 comprising         termination/adaptation functions of the signals entering the         apparatus according to the SDH/Sonet layer. The TDM input/output         ports 30 and 31 may additionally comprise functions to convert         signals coming from the WDM layer to a TDM-switchable format;         and     -   data ports 32 which are appended to the matrix M_(TDM),         comprising termination/adaptation functions of signals entering         the apparatus according to the Ethernet layer and secondary         packet matrices M_(P) to perform packet switching.

Advantageously, this approach fits the hierarchical layered structure of the network. Nevertheless, it exhibits a reduced scalability of the packet traffic throughput. The packet traffic throughput, indeed, depends on the dimension of the packet matrices M_(P), so it can be increased only by replacing the existing packet matrices M_(P) with a similar device with increased throughput. On the contrary, increasing the number of packet matrices M_(P) appended to the main TDM matrix M_(TDM) does not increase the packet traffic throughput, since the packet matrices work in parallel. Moreover, the packet traffic mapped in STM-N frames must always cross the M_(TDM) matrix, even if it has to undergo packet switching.

Further approaches for providing multi-service transport apparatus are known; FIGS. 4 and 5 schematically show, respectively, a multi-service transport apparatus according to the known single network elements approach based on a packet matrix (FIG. 4), and on a TDM matrix & a packet matrix. (FIG. 5)

Referring to FIG. 4 the apparatus P includes a packet matrix and means for converting all the incoming traffic in packet-switchable signals. This way, all the switching functions are implemented by the packet matrix.

In particular, the apparatus P includes:

-   -   a main packet matrix M_(P);     -   an input and an output Optical Add-Drop Multiplexer (OADM^(in)         and OADM^(out), respectively) to add and drop signals according         to the WDM layer;     -   TDM input/output ports 30 and 31 including         termination/adaptation functions of the signals entering the         apparatus according to the SDH/Sonet layer. The ports 30 and 31         additionally comprise TDM/Packet Adaptation functions (TDM/P)         and Packet/TDM Adaptation functions (P/TDM) to convert the         SDH/Sonet signals in packet signals and vice-versa. In         particular, the TDM/Packet Adaptation consists in splitting the         continuous stream of incoming STM-N frames in cells, while the         Packet/TDM Adaptation consists in assembling the cells to         recover the sequence of STM-N frames. The TDM input/output ports         30 and 31 may additionally comprise functions to convert signals         coming from the WDM layer to a TDM-switchable format; and     -   data input/output ports 40 and 41 for termination/adaptation of         signals according to the Ethernet layer.

The main disadvantages of this approach are the cost of the TDM/Packet Adaptation and Packet/TDM Adaptation functions and the fact that this approach can not maintain the hierarchical layered structure of the network. Indeed, the TDM and packet switching functions collapse in a single switching function performed by the packet matrix M_(P), i.e. the functional hierarchy of the layers is not preserved inside the apparatus. This prevents the implementation of the cascaded mechanism of network protection according to the different layers. Finally, the TDM/Packet Adaptation function may either introduce undesired delay on the lower order traffic or lead to an under-utilization of the packet matrix capacity.

FIG. 5 schematically shows a multi-service transport apparatus comprising means to drive the incoming signals on one of the two matrices. In particular, the apparatus P shown in FIG. 5 comprises:

-   -   a TDM matrix M_(TDM) and a packet matrix M_(P);     -   an input and an output Optical Add-Drop Multiplexer (OADM^(in)         and OADM^(out), respectively) to add and drop signals according         to the WDM layer (Σλi^(input), Σλi^(output));     -   TDM input/output ports 30, 31 including termination/adaptation         functions of the signals entering the apparatus according to the         SDH/Sonet layer. The TDM input/output ports 30, 31 may         additionally comprise functions to convert signals coming from         the WDM layer to a TDM-switchable format;     -   data input/output ports 40, 41 for termination/adaptation of         signals according to the Ethernet layer; and     -   a TDM-packet adapter 50 between the two matrices M_(TDM) and         M_(P).

This approach disadvantageously requires the duplication of the switch elements and extra costs due to the apparatus charged to drive the incoming signals on one of the two matrices. The apparatus according to this approach actually requires an additional overhead for packet traffic over SDH/Sonet, so that this packet traffic can be driven to the TDM-packet adapter 50 and then to the packet matrix M_(P). Further additional costs are due to the connection of each input of the apparatus P to both matrices.

FIG. 6 a shows from a logical point of view a first embodiment of a multi-service transport apparatus for integrated transport networks according to the present invention. The multi-service apparatus P shown in FIG. 6 a comprises a matrix M and a plurality of termination functions 60, 60′ (represented in FIG. 6 a by triangles) and adaptation functions 61 (represented in FIG. 6 a by trapezoids). Only a few termination and adaptation functions 60, 60′, 61 have been indicated for clarity. The termination functions can be divided into termination functions 60′ handling signals incoming at the input of the apparatus P from the network, and termination functions 60 interfacing different layers, either adjacent or not adjacent.

According to the present invention, the termination functions 60′ according to each network layer are implemented in input/output port devices PD.

Moreover, according to the present invention, optional termination functions 60 and adaptation functions 61 interfacing different layers are implemented in adapter devices AD. In FIG. 6 a, for clarity reasons, a single adapter device AD including a termination function 60 and an adaptation function 61 is shown; however, a separate AD is provided for each pair of termination and adaptation functions between different layers.

Each adapter device AD is independent and can thus be inserted into the apparatus in case of need, i.e. when two or more network layers must be interfaced. Each adapter device may include termination and adaptation functions for interfacing two or more levels, adjacent or not. For instance, the multi-service apparatus P shown in FIG. 6 a, given by way of example, comprises an adapter device for each pair of adjacent layers, i.e. an adapter device for interfacing: Ethernet (L2)—Multi Protocol Label Switching (MPLS); MPLS—Resilient Packet Ring (RPR); RPR—SDH Lower Order (LPC); LPC—SDH Higher Order (HPC); and HPC—Optical Data Unit (ODU).

Additionally, the apparatus P shown in FIG. 6 a includes adapter devices suitable to interface the MPLS—HPC layers and MPLS—ODU layers, bypassing the RPR and the LPC layers, and adapter devices suitable to interface RPR—HPC layers and RPR—ODU layers, bypassing the LPC layer. Yet, other combinations of interfaced layers are possible.

The implementation of the termination and adaptation functions in dedicated input/output port devices PD and adapter devices AD allows to implement the switching functions according to all the network layers into a single electric switch device or electric matrix M. Said matrix M performs exclusively the switching of the incoming signals, that are already terminated and adapted by the input/output port devices and by the adapter devices. Thus, the matrix M is able to switch signals according to all the network layers, both circuit switched or packet switched. In other words, the switch function is the same for all the incoming signals, both belonging to TDM traffic and to packet traffic. The switching function is transparent with respect to the signal format.

In FIG. 6 a, the matrix M is represented as a group of different switch elements or matrices with different logical function; in particular, in the scheme in FIG. 6 a a separate logical function is highlighted for each network layer: L2 switching for Ethernet layer; MPLS switching for MPLS layer; RPR switching for RPR layer; Lower Order Path Connection (LPC) for SDH-Lower Order; Higher Order Path Connection (HPC) for SDH-Higher Order; and ODU switching for ODU layer.

However, this subdivision is merely logical, and not physical. Thanks to the implementation of termination and adaptation functions in separate devices, a physically single matrix M is able to switch with no distinction signals according to different layers. The logical function of each input of the matrix M depends exclusively on the type of input/output port device and/or adapter device connected to it. The traffic throughput of each network layer thus depends on the number of input/output port devices or of adapter devices equipped and connected to the matrix M.

The multi-service apparatus P according to the present invention may optionally comprise optical switch devices, such as the ones employed in the Optical Multiplex Section (OMS) layer and in the Optical Channel (Och) layer, as shown in FIG. 6 b. As for the case of electrical signal processing, also in case of optical signal processing the termination and adaptation functions are implemented in dedicated input/output port devices and adapter devices, so that the two switch functions relating to the two optical layers may be implemented in a single optical switch device, or optical matrix MO, transparent with respect to the format of the optical signal.

The present invention results in a number of advantages. Firstly, the apparatus exhibits a hierarchical structure managed by the adapter devices and consistent with the hierarchical layered structure of an integrated transport network. It follows that an apparatus according to the present invention is compatible with the implementation of network protection schemes according to the different layers.

Moreover, the implementation of termination and adaptation functions to interface different layers in adapter cards allows to change the throughput percentage of each single network layer of the overall throughput offered by the matrix M, by simply changing the number of input/output port devices and adapter devices equipped and connected to the matrix M.

Finally, the complexity and the cost of the interface functions between different layers is shared among physically separated elementary adapter devices, which can be inserted one by one into the apparatus only in case of need. This way, the cost of the overall multi-service apparatus is actually proportional to the actual traffic throughput provided by the multi-service apparatus.

FIG. 7 shows the electrical scheme of a further embodiment of a multi-service transport network according to the present invention. The multi-service apparatus P shown in FIG. 7 comprises:

-   -   a matrix board MB comprising an electrical matrix M;     -   an SDH board, i.e. an input/output port device comprising         termination/adaptation functions to terminate and adapt STM-n         frames coming from the SDH/Sonet layer; and     -   an L2 board, i.e. an input/output port device comprising         termination/adaptation functions to terminate and adapt packets         coming from the Ethernet layer.

Optionally, the apparatus P may include adapter devices to interface the different layers. Apparatus P of FIG. 7, for instance, comprises two adapter devices AD1 and AD2, differently implemented. The first adapter device AD1 consists in a Multi-Service Plug-In Module, i.e. a device comprising a plurality of termination and adaptation functions which, in case of need, can be plugged-in on a input/output port device. For example, in the apparatus of FIG. 7 the Multi-Service Plug-In Module is plugged-in on the L2 board, and it comprises termination and adaptation functions to interface Ethernet layer and SDH—Lower Order layer, Ethernet layer and SDH—Higher Order layer, and Ethernet layer and Optical Data Unit layer.

The second adapter device AD2 consists in a Higher Order Adaptation board, i.e. in an adapter device comprising termination and adaptation functions to interface SDH Lower Order and SDH Higher Order layers, implemented on a dedicated board which, in case of need, can be inserted into the apparatus P. The AD2 device can be individually inserted into the apparatus by connecting its input/output directly to the matrix board MB.

Hence, an Ethernet signal (e.g. E, GE or 10 GE) incoming at the input of the apparatus P enters the L2 board through the PHY (physical termination of electric layer 1); afterwards, said Ethernet signal may be:

-   -   processed by the packet termination functions laying on the L2         board (Pkt proc, Traffic mng) and then, through the backpanel         driver BKP1, be transmitted to the matrix board MB, where a         portion of the matrix performs packet switching; or     -   processed by the adaptation and termination functions laying on         the adapter device AD1, which allow to convert the signal to a         higher network layer, where it can be switched by another         portion of the matrix M laying on the matrix board MB.

In this latter case, the Ethernet signal is directed to the Multi-Service Plug-In Module, where it is adapted by the L2 so-sk adaptation function. Afterwards, the Ethernet signal may be terminated according to the SDH—Lower Order layer by the Lower Order Path Termination function (LPT so-sk) and then be transmitted through the backpanel driver BKP1 to the matrix board, where a portion of the matrix M performs SDH—Lower Order switching. The signal can be switched either to the output of the matrix board MB connected to input/output port devices (not shown in FIG. 7), or to an output of the matrix board MB connected to the adapter device AD2. The adapter device AD2 can adapt the signal through the Higher Path Adaptation function (HPA sk-so) and terminate it according to the SDH—Higher Order layer through the Higher Order Path Termination function (HPT so-sk). The signal can finally be transmitted to the matrix board MB through the backpanel driver BKP2, where another portion of the matrix M performs SDH—Higher Order switching.

Alternatively, the Ethernet signal at the input of the L2 board can be directed to the Multi-Service Plug-In Module, where it is adapted by the L2 so-sk function and then directly terminated according to the SDH—Higher Order layer through the Higher Order Path Termination function (HPT so-sk). Then, the signal can be sent through the backpanel driver BKP1 to the matrix board MB, where a portion of the matrix M performs SDH—Higher Order switching.

Alternatively, the Ethernet signal at the input of the L2 board can be directed to the Multi-Service Plug-In Module, where it is adapted by the L2 so-sk function and then directly terminated according to the Optical Data Unit layer through the Optical Data Unit termination function (ODU so-sk). Then, the signal can be sent through the backpanel driver BKP1 to the matrix board MB, where a portion of the matrix performs ODU switching.

At the input of the apparatus P shown in FIG. 7 it is also possible to have STM-N frames according to the SDH/Sonet layer. Said STM-N frames are received by the apparatus P through the SDH board, where they undergo termination though the Transport Terminal Function (TTF sk-so) and processing through an HVC block. Finally, the frames are sent via backpanel driver BKP3 to the matrix board MB, where a further portion of the matrix M performs SDH Higher Order switching.

It is important to notice that all the aforesaid switching functions (packet switching, SDH—Lower Order switching, SDH—Higher Order switching and ODU switching), performed by different portions of the matrix M laying on the matrix board MB, are actually the same switching function, as termination of signals according to different layers is implemented before entering the matrix board. Nevertheless, according to the format of the terminated signals entering the matrix board through the backpanel drivers of the input/output port devices and of the adapter devices, this switching function corresponds to:

-   -   an L2 switching function in case of packet-terminated signals;         or     -   a Lower Order Path Connection switching function (LPC) in case         of SDH—Lower Order terminated signals; or     -   a Higher Order Path Connection switching function (HPC) in case         of SDH—Higher Order terminated signals; or finally     -   an ODU switching function in case of ODU terminated signals.

In other words, each portion of the matrix M laying on the matrix board MB is able to switch every type of incoming signal, according to the type of input/output port device or adapter device connected to it. 

1. A multi-service apparatus (P) for an integrated transport network which comprises a plurality of signal layers, said apparatus (P) comprising an electrical matrix (M), termination function means (60′) handling signals incoming at apparatus inputs, a plurality of termination function means (60) interfacing different layers, and adaptation function means (61), wherein said termination function means (60′) handling incoming signals are implemented in input/output port devices (PD), further wherein said termination function means (60) interfacing different layers and said adaptation function means (61) are implemented in adapter devices (AD), further wherein said matrix (M) performs exclusively the switching of the incoming signals that are already terminated and adapted by said input/output port devices (PD) and by said adapter devices (AD) and it is transparent with respect to signal format.
 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a separate adapter device (AD) is provided for at least one pair of termination and adaptation function means (60, 61) between adjacent layers.
 3. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said adjacent layers are selected from the group consisting of: Ethernet layer (L2)—Multi Protocol Label Switching layer (MPLS); Multi Protocol Label Switching layer (MPLS)—Resilient Packet Ring layer (RPR); Resilient Packet Ring layer (RPR)—SDH Lower Order layer (LPC); SDH Lower Order layer (LPC)—SDH Higher Order layer (HPC); and SDH Higher Order layer (HPC)—Optical Data Unit layer (ODU).
 4. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a separate adapter device (AD) is provided for at least one pair of termination and adaptation function means (60, 61) between non adjacent layers.
 5. The apparatus according to claim 4, wherein said non adjacent layers are selected from the group consisting of: Multi Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) layer—SDH Higher Order (HPC) layer; Multi Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) layer—Optical Data Unit layer (ODU); Resilient Packet Ring layer (RPR)—SDH Higher Order (HPC) layer; and Resilient Packet Ring layer (RPR)—Optical Data Unit layer (ODU).
 6. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a separate adapter device (AD) is provided for at least one pair of termination and adaptation function means (60, 61) between adjacent layers and wherein a separate adapter device (AD) is provided for at least one pair of termination and adaptation function means (60, 61) between non adjacent layers.
 7. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein at least one of said input/output port devices (PD) comprises packet termination function means (Pkt proc, Traffic mng).
 8. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein it further comprises a first backpanel driver (BKP1) for transmitting terminated packet signals to said matrix (M) for performing packet layer switching.
 9. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein it further comprises a selector (SEL), said selector (SEL) receives packet signals and outputs said received packet signals either to said packet termination function means (Pkt proc, Traffic mng) or to a plug-in module (AD1) which is apt to adapt (L2 so-sk) said packet signals into time division multiplex signals and terminate said packet signals on time division multiplex layer.
 10. The apparatus according to claim 9, wherein said plug-in module (AD1) comprises: Lower Order Path Termination means (LPT so-sk), Higher Order Path Termination means (HPT so-sk); and Optical Data Unit termination means (ODU so-sk).
 11. The apparatus according to claim 9, wherein said first backpanel driver (BKP1) transmits signals from said plug-in module (AD1) to said matrix (M) for performing time division multiplex layer switching.
 12. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein said packet termination function means (Pkt proc, Traffic mng), said selector (SEL) and said plug-in module (AD1) are arranged on a first board (L2 board).
 13. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein at least one of said input/output port devices (PD) comprises TDM termination function means (TTF sk-so) and processing means (HVC).
 14. The apparatus according to claim 13, wherein it further comprises a second backpanel driver (BKP3) for transmitting said terminated/processed TDM signals to said matrix (M) for performing TDM layer switching.
 15. The apparatus according to claim 13, wherein said TDM termination function means (TTF sk-so) and said processing means (HVC) are arranged on a second board (SDH board).
 16. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein it further comprises a Higher Order Adaptation board (AD2) receiving Lower Order TDM signals and outputting higher order TDM signals, said Higher Order Adaptation board (AD2) in turn comprising an adapter device comprising adaptation function means (HPA sk-so) and termination function means (HPT so-sk).
 17. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said electrical matrix (M) has a total switching capacity which could be shared by different layer signals.
 18. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein it further comprises an optical switch device (MO) transparent with respect to incoming optical signal format.
 19. The apparatus according to claim 18, wherein said optical switch device (MO) has a total optical switching capacity which could be shared by different layer signals.
 20. An integrated transport network comprising one or more multi-service apparatuses (P) according to claim
 1. 